winloong
3 years ago
10 changed files with 587 additions and 4 deletions
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title: 初识 Raspberry Pi OS Lite |
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author: Uncle Dragon |
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date: 2021-07-13 |
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categories: linux |
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tags: [linux,containerd,mqtt] |
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--- |
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<div align='center' ><b><font size='70'> 初识 Raspberry Pi OS Lite </font></b></div> |
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<center> author: Uncle Dragon </center> |
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<center> date: 2021-07-13 </center> |
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<div STYLE="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
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[TOC] |
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<div STYLE="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
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Raspberry Pi OS Lite 基于 Debian 10 32 位版本的精简版，因此debian 下默认使用的命令，绝大部分它都可以使用。 |
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# set up Raspberry |
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设置静态IP |
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```shell |
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$ vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf |
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interface eth0 |
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static ip_address=10.8.30.100/24 |
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static routes=10.8.30.1 |
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static domain_name_servers=114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5 223.6.6.6 |
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``` |
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ssh |
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默认已经安装ssh服务 |
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设置开机自启 |
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```shell |
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$ systemctl enable ssh |
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Synchronizing state of ssh.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. |
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Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable ssh |
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Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service → /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service. |
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Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service → /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service. |
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``` |
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安装 vim |
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```shell |
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$ apt-get update && apt-get install vim |
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``` |
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时区设置 |
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```shell |
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$ apt-get install ntpdate |
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$ tzselect |
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Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly. |
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Please select a continent, ocean, "coord", or "TZ". |
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1) Africa 5) Atlantic Ocean 9) Pacific Ocean |
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2) Americas 6) Australia 10) coord - I want to use geographical coordinates. |
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3) Antarctica 7) Europe 11) TZ - I want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format. |
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4) Asia 8) Indian Ocean |
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#? 4 |
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Please select a country whose clocks agree with yours. |
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1) Afghanistan 7) Brunei 13) Hong Kong 19) Japan 25) Kyrgyzstan 31) Myanmar (Burma) 37) Qatar 43) Taiwan 49) Vietnam |
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2) Armenia 8) Cambodia 14) India 20) Jordan 26) Laos 32) Nepal 38) Russia 44) Tajikistan 50) Yemen |
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3) Azerbaijan 9) China 15) Indonesia 21) Kazakhstan 27) Lebanon 33) Oman 39) Saudi Arabia 45) Thailand |
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4) Bahrain 10) Cyprus 16) Iran 22) Korea (North) 28) Macau 34) Pakistan 40) Singapore 46) Turkmenistan |
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5) Bangladesh 11) East Timor 17) Iraq 23) Korea (South) 29) Malaysia 35) Palestine 41) Sri Lanka 47) United Arab Emirates |
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6) Bhutan 12) Georgia 18) Israel 24) Kuwait 30) Mongolia 36) Philippines 42) Syria 48) Uzbekistan |
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#? 9 |
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Please select one of the following time zone regions. |
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1) Beijing Time |
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2) Xinjiang Time |
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#? 1 |
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The following information has been given: |
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China |
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Beijing Time |
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Therefore TZ='Asia/Shanghai' will be used. |
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Selected time is now: Mon Jul 12 17:33:01 CST 2021. |
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Universal Time is now: Mon Jul 12 09:33:01 UTC 2021. |
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Is the above information OK? |
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1) Yes |
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2) No |
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#? 1 |
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You can make this change permanent for yourself by appending the line |
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TZ='Asia/Shanghai'; export TZ |
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to the file '.profile' in your home directory; then log out and log in again. |
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Here is that TZ value again, this time on standard output so that you |
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can use the /usr/bin/tzselect command in shell scripts: |
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Asia/Shanghai |
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$ vi /etc/profile |
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TZ='Asia/Shanghai'; export TZ |
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$ source /etc/profile |
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$ date |
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Mon 12 Jul 17:36:07 CST 2021 |
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``` |
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# install containerd |
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```shell |
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$ sudo apt-get update |
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$ sudo apt-get install \ |
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apt-transport-https \ |
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ca-certificates \ |
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curl \ |
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gnupg \ |
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lsb-release |
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``` |
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```shell |
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$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg |
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``` |
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```shell |
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$ echo \ |
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"deb [arch=armhf signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \ |
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$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null |
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``` |
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```shell |
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$ sudo apt-get update |
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$ sudo apt-get install containerd.io |
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``` |
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# install mqtt |
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```shell |
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wget http://repo.mosquitto.org/debian/mosquitto-repo.gpg.key |
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sudo apt-key add mosquitto-repo.gpg.key |
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# sudo wget -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ http://repo.mosquitto.org/debian/mosquitto-jessie.list |
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# sudo wget -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ http://repo.mosquitto.org/debian/mosquitto-stretch.list |
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sudo wget -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ http://repo.mosquitto.org/debian/mosquitto-buster.list |
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apt-get update |
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apt-get install mosquitto |
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``` |
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--- |
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title: SSH 免密认证 |
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date: 2020-09-28 |
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categories: |
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- devops |
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tags: [linux, ssh] |
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--- |
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## a. 安装ssh |
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``` bash |
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sudo apt-get update |
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sudo apt-get install openssh-server |
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sudo apt-get install openssh-client |
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# 测试是否安装成功 |
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ssh -l anxinyun 10.8.30.179 |
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``` |
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<!--more--> |
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## b. 修改配置 |
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``` |
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修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config: |
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RSAAuthentication yes (启用RSA认证) |
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PubkeyAuthentication yes (启用公钥私钥配对认证) |
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AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys (公钥文件路径) |
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``` |
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``` bash |
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# 重启服务 |
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service ssh restart |
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``` |
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## c. 配置密钥 |
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``` bash |
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# 生成密钥对 |
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# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" |
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com" |
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# 输出到authorized_keys文件 |
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cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys |
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# 设置authorized_keys权限 |
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chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys |
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``` |
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``` bash |
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# 需要免密登录 哪台主机，就把公钥注册到哪台主机 |
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# 复制 n1 公钥到 m1 |
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scp anxinyun@10.8.30.179:/home/anxinyun/.ssh/id_rsa.pub . |
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# 追加到 authorized_keys |
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cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys |
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# 删除 n1 公钥 |
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rm id_rsa.pub |
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# 在 n1、n2中重复上述命令 |
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``` |
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## M1 远程登录免密 |
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``` basic |
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用xshell 用户密钥生成工具生成密钥对 |
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把公钥追加到 .ssh/authorized_keys |
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私钥和密钥自己妥善保存 |
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# 禁用ssh用户密码登录 |
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修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config: |
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PasswordAuthentication no |
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``` |
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--- |
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title: 忘记 Linux root 密码 |
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date: 2020-05-26 |
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categories: |
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- linux |
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tags: [linux] |
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--- |
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> linux 忘记密码，别慌，按下面步骤轻松重置密码。 |
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## 1. 重启系统 |
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``` |
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# 根据提示在系统启动菜单，选择系统，然后根据提示 按 `e` 修改启动参数 |
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Use the ↑ and ↓ keys to changed the selection. |
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Press 'e' to edit the selected item. or 'c' for ... ... |
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``` |
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<!--more--> |
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## 2. 修改参数 |
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向下滚动光标，找到 `...root=/dev/Mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=...` 主要时找 **ro** |
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把 ro 更改为 `rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh` |
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修改完成，根据提示 按 `Ctrl-x` |
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## 3. 修改密码 |
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```bash |
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passwd root # 不只是root,任何你想修改的可登录用户名 |
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# 下面根据系统提示输入新密码并确认密码 |
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``` |
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## 4. 重启系统 |
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> 使用新创建的密码登录 |
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--- |
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title: Linux 设置静态 IP |
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date: 2020-05-26 |
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categories: |
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- linux |
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tags: [linux] |
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--- |
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## Ubuntu |
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### Ubuntu 16 |
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#### 修改 `/etc/network/interfaces` |
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``` bash |
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sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces |
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``` |
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<!--more--> |
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``` ini |
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auto eno4 |
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iface eno4 inet static |
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address 10.8.30.176 |
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netmask 255.255.255.0 |
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gateway 10.8.30.1 |
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dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 |
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``` |
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### Ubuntu 18.04 + |
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> 原来设置 `/etc/network/interfaces` 的方法还可以用，只是设置的dns没有用 |
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> 新的配置使用 netplan 管理 |
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#### 修改配置文件 |
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> 编辑 `/etc/netplan/`下的yaml文件 |
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> |
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> 这里文件名是 `01-network-manager-all.yaml` |
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```bash |
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sudo vi /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml |
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# 注释掉 renderer:NetworkManager |
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network: |
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version: 2 |
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ethernets: |
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# 网络名 |
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enp0s3: |
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# 一个ip数组，用 ‘,’ 隔开 |
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addresses: [10.8.40.119/24] |
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# 使用dhcp 动态获取ip: true/no |
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dhcp4: no |
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# ipv4 网关 |
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gateway4: 192.168.0.1 |
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# dns |
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nameservers: |
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addresses: [114.114.114.114] |
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search: [localdomain] |
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optional: true |
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# 立即生效 |
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sudo netplan apply |
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``` |
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### 补充 |
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#### 查看网关 |
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```bash |
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# 查看网关 |
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netstat -rn |
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# 或 |
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route -n |
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``` |
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#### 设置默认网关 |
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``` bash |
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route add default gw 10.8.30.1 |
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``` |
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#### 重启网关 |
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``` bash |
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/etc/init.d/networking restart |
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``` |
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### 配置 `/etc/resolv.conf` |
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> 以上配置完成就可以了 |
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> 如果是desktop 版本可能设置的dns不能使 /etc/resolv.conf生效. 重启又恢复到默认 |
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#### 安装 resolvconf 服务 |
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```bash |
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sudo apt-get update |
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sudo apt-get install resolvconf |
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``` |
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#### 配置 resolvconf |
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> 修改 /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head |
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```bash |
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vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head |
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# 增加 |
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nameserver 223.5.5.5 |
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nameserver 223.6.6.6 |
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``` |
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> 保存退出，执行 |
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```bash |
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resolvconf -u |
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``` |
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> 查看 /etc/resolv.conf, 重启再看 |
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```bash |
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cat /etc/resolv.conf |
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``` |
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## CentOS |
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> |
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>配置文件在 `/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts ` 下 |
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> |
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>这里测试机文件名为：ifcfg-enp0s3 |
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> |
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>修改 ifcfg-enp0s3 文件 |
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```bash |
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vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 |
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``` |
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> 默认配置 |
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```bash |
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TYPE=Ethernet |
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PROXY_METHOD=none |
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BROWSER_ONLY=no |
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BOOTPROTO=dhcp |
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DEFROUTE=yes |
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IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no |
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IPV6INIT=yes |
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IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes |
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IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes |
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IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no |
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IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy |
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NAME=enp0s3 |
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UUID=64a31304-95d8-4ab6-961e-8d5db92f8cc0 |
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DEVICE=enp0s3 |
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ONBOOT=no |
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``` |
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> 修改为 |
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```bash |
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TYPE=Ethernet |
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PROXY_METHOD=none |
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BROWSER_ONLY=no |
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#BOOTPROTO=dhcp |
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DEFROUTE=yes |
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IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no |
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IPV6INIT=yes |
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IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes |
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IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes |
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IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no |
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IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy |
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NAME=enp0s3 |
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UUID=64a31304-95d8-4ab6-961e-8d5db92f8cc0 |
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DEVICE=enp0s3 |
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#ONBOOT=no |
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#static assignment |
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NM_CONTROLLED=no |
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ONBOOT=yes |
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BOOTPROTO=static |
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IPADDR=192.168.0.116 |
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0 |
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GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 |
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``` |
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> 修改/etc/sysconfig/network |
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> 默认为空 |
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```bash |
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# Created by anaconda |
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NETWORKING=yes |
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GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 |
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DNS1=114.114.114.114 |
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``` |
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> 重启服务 |
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```bash |
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service network restart |
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``` |
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--- |
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title: VIM 编辑器 |
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date: 2020-10-18 |
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categories: |
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- linux |
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tags: [linux] |
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--- |
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## VIM 文本编辑器 |
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> 一般 `linux` 系统上默认都会安装 `vim` 文本编辑器。 |
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## 快捷操作 |
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### 批量添加注释 |
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> 有两种方法： |
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#### 使用可视模式 |
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##### 注释 |
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1. 按 **`Ctrl+ v`** 进入块选择模式, |
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2. 然后移动光标选中你要注释的行, |
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3. 再按大写的 **`I`** 进入首行插入模式，输入注释符号比如 `#`, |
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4. 输入完成后，按 **两下** `ESC`, vim 会自动将你选中的行都加上注释，保存退出 |
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##### 取消注释 |
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1. **`Ctrl + v`** 进入块选择模式， |
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2. 选中你要删除的行首的注释符号， |
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 |
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3. 选好之后按 **d** 即可删除注释，**ESC** 保存退出。 |
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#### 使用替换命令 |
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##### 注释 |
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使用下面命令在指定的行首添加注释。 |
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使用名命令格式： **`:起始行号,结束行号s/^/注释符/g`** |
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##### 取消注释 |
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使用名命令格式： **`:起始行号,结束行号s/^注释符//g`** |
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